The Alliance between Marcus Antoninus and Cleopatra VII
by Andrew Mason What was the basis for the alliance behind those two great personalities of antiquity, Marcus Antoninus (Antony) and Cleopatra VII? What drew them together and what were …
Lucius Junius Brutus
Life: ? – c. 509 BC Founder of the Republicby ‘Andraeus Papadopolus Dacicus Maximus’ According to Roman traditional history, Brutus was the most important personality of the patrician “revolution” which …
Marcus Furius Camillus
Life: c. 446 – 365 BC “alter conditor Romae” by ‘Andraeus Papadopolus Dacicus Maximus’ Overview M. Furius Camillus was the most illustrious member of the family of Furia and is …
List of Roman Consuls by Year
Who Was Consul When by ‘Andraeus Papadopolus Dacicus Maximus‘ Note: the Roman numerals behind the names indicate how many times the specific individual has been in office. Note II: consuls …
The Persian Wars of Heraclius
by Kurs In this article, I will try to throw some light on the Persian campaigns of the emperor Heraclius (who reigned AD 610 – 641), which in most historical …
Animated Map Timeline
An animated map showing the growth of Rome over the years from its start as a Republic and transformation into an Empire. It then splits into the Eastern Byzantine Empire …
Aurelian’s Campaign in the East
AD 272/273 by ‘Emperor Aurelianus’ Background to the Conflict The conflict between Zenobia of Palmyra and Aurelian took place for the most part in 272ad, in the second year of …
To what extent were economic factors to blame for the deterioration of the Roman Empire in the Third Century A.D?
by Julian Fenner For centuries, historians have tried to understand the causes of the decline of the Roman Empire, in particular the causes of the third century crisis. The fact that …
Army Soldier Dress, Armor, & Weapons
A collection of pictures of soldiers with their armour/equipment (recreated from historical accounts). Hoplite (5th century BC) Veles, plural: velites (3rd/2nd century BC) Hastatus (3rd/2nd Century BC) Triarius (3rd/2nd Century BC) …
Siege Warfare
Siege Tactics In conducting sieges the Romans showed their practical genius combined with ruthless thoroughness. If a place could not be overcome by the initial assaults or the inhabitants persuaded …
Roman Navy
The Roman Navy was always considered an inferior arm and was strictly under army control. But already during the First Punic War, Rome proved itself capable of launching a fleet …
Military Training
Marching and Physical Training The first thing the soldiers were taught to do, was to march. The historian Vegetius tells us that it was seen as of greatest importance to …
Army Career
Roman society was governed by class and so in effect there was three separate army careers possible, that of the common soldier in the ranks, that of the equestrians and …
Becoming a Soldier
The Recruit of the Republican Army (before the Reforms of Marius) War offered the Roman citizen of the republic the possibility of returning covered in glory, having won both land …